High Performance Imaging XPS

The Spherical Mirror Analyser in Detail

The unique combination in AXIS ULTRA of the Kratos patented Magnetic Immersion Lens and Charge Neutralisation System, our classical high performance hemispherical energy analyser and our patented Spherical Mirror Analyser sometimes makes it difficult to appreciate just how everything works in the truly synergistic way which has made the instrument a world beater.

In response to requests, here are some notes (taken from one of Dr Simon Page's PowerPoint presentations) which should help you to envisage the various modes of operation (use the keyed "mouseovers" to illustrate the points in the schematic alongside)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

• First Investigated by Sar-El in 1966 and later by Tremblay and Roy (1983) and Diamon (1987)

• Consists of two concentric hemispheres (1.)

• Object and Image within inner hemisphere (1.)

• Spherical aberration is zero (1.)

• First order energy dispersion zero at image position (1.)

Imaging properties

• Two places where no first order radial dependence of trajectory on position in image (2.,3.)

• Energy dispersion maximum at the second (4.)

Energy Analysis in the Spherical Mirror

• Baffle with an aperture within the mirror field transmits only a small range of energies (5.)

Ultra Spectrometer

Spectral Mode (6.)

Standard input lens

Electrons dispersed between inner and outer hemispheres, using standard spectrometer components

Common detector plane

Image Mode (5.)

Standard input lens

Electrons pass through ‘outer’ hemisphere into SMA & back to detector plane

Parallel image maintained

Fast, real time image

The Spherical Mirror Analyser provides real time chemical state and elemental imaging using the full range of pass energies and multi-point analysis from either real time or scanned images without the need for sample translation.

A microchannel plate and phosphor detection system are incorporated into the system to provide a parallel imaging capability with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Advanced zoom optics enable a variable viewing area for the identification of macroscopic or microscopic features. The instrument's exceptional small spot spectroscopy capabilities (<15 microns) are achieved via a combination of the magnetic lens and selected area apertures.
The AXIS line of multi-technique photoelectron spectrometers provides scientists with unsurpassed performance for applications which require high energy resolution and high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, time efficiency and ease of use.

| - Ultra in Brief - || - Ultra's Operating Modes - || - Ultra Applications - |

	Copyright © Kratos 2002 Last Update: 02/11/26 Kratos Analytical is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Shimadzu Corporation.

For comments, suggestions, contributions or an Instrument Demonstration e-mail to: xps@kratos.com

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The unique combination in AXIS ULTRA of the Kratos patented Magnetic Immersion Lens and Charge Neutralisation System, our classical high performance hemispherical energy analyser and our patented Spherical Mirror Analyser sometimes makes it difficult to appreciate just how everything works in the truly synergistic way which has made the instrument a world beater. In response to requests, here are some notes (taken from one of Dr Simon Page's PowerPoint presentations) which should help you to envisage the various modes of operation (use the keyed "mouseovers" to illustrate the points in the schematic alongside)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.	• First Investigated by Sar-El in 1966 and later by Tremblay and Roy (1983) and Diamon (1987) • Consists of two concentric hemispheres (1.) • Object and Image within inner hemisphere (1.) • Spherical aberration is zero (1.) • First order energy dispersion zero at image position (1.) Imaging properties • Two places where no first order radial dependence of trajectory on position in image (2.,3.) • Energy dispersion maximum at the second (4.) Energy Analysis in the Spherical Mirror • Baffle with an aperture within the mirror field transmits only a small range of energies (5.)
Ultra Spectrometer
Spectral Mode (6.) Standard input lens Electrons dispersed between inner and outer hemispheres, using standard spectrometer components Common detector plane	Image Mode (5.) Standard input lens Electrons pass through ‘outer’ hemisphere into SMA & back to detector plane Parallel image maintained Fast, real time image
The Spherical Mirror Analyser provides real time chemical state and elemental imaging using the full range of pass energies and multi-point analysis from either real time or scanned images without the need for sample translation. A microchannel plate and phosphor detection system are incorporated into the system to provide a parallel imaging capability with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Advanced zoom optics enable a variable viewing area for the identification of macroscopic or microscopic features. The instrument's exceptional small spot spectroscopy capabilities (<15 microns) are achieved via a combination of the magnetic lens and selected area apertures. The AXIS line of multi-technique photoelectron spectrometers provides scientists with unsurpassed performance for applications which require high energy resolution and high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, time efficiency and ease of use.